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Request of the delegates
and guests of the 9th World Congress of Rusyns for
recognition of the Rusyn Greek-Catholic Church sui iuris in Slovakia and
the appointment of its Rusyn bishop
Programme of the 9th World Congress of
Rusyns and the 3rd World Forum of Rusyn Youth
Rusyn matters shal advance
Declaration of delegates of the 8th World Congress of Rusyns
held on June 25th, 2005 in Krynica
Rusyn Symbols
Original Rusyn flag available for purchase
The World Congress of Rusyns
has made
a hundred original flags representing Rusyns in the
whole world.
The flag is, at the same time, a symbol of this
international organisation; therefore, its name is
placed in the bottom left corner (authenticity mark) in
gold.
The flag is made from high-quality non-crease
water-resistant material and its layout was approved at
the 9th World Congress of Rusyns, which took
place in Romania in 2007. The flag can be ordered and
purchased from:
Svetový kongres Rusínov, Duchnovičovo nám. 1, 081 48
Prešov, Slovakia
for
75 $
or
60 €.
Take the opportunity and purchase a flag from this
limited series. |
Sighetu Marmaţiei,
June 23rd, 2007
His
Holiness
Pope Benedikt XVI
Vatican
Request of the
delegates and guests
of the 9th
World Congress of Rusyns
for recognition
of the Rusyn Greek-Catholic Church
sui iuris in
Slovakia and the appointment of its Rusyn bishop
Your Holiness,
We,
the undersigned members of the World Council of Rusyns, being
representatives of Rusyn cultural organisations in ten countries
around the world associated in the World Congress of Rusyns, met
on June 22nd – 23rd, 2007 at the 9th
Congress in the town of Sighetu Marmaţiei in Romania. First of
all, we would like to greet You, Your Holiness, and send You
some heart-felt prayers from Rusyn Greek-Catholics, by which, to
almighty God, we pray for You, representative of Jesus Christ on
Earth, health and God’s
grace in
abundance.
At
the World Congress meeting, problems of Rusyns around the world
were discussed, especially their cultural-national development
and recognition of their nationality rights in each country,
where they live in high numbers. Among the discussed matters was
the situation of Rusyn Greek-Catholics in Slovakia, who
encounter injustice in non-recognition of their rights to use
their mother tongue, Rusyn, in liturgical ceremonies, the right
to post Rusyn priests in parishes with Rusyn congregations and
the right to educate Rusyn theologians to preach among Rusyn
believers in the Rusyn language. Rusyn priests addressed Your
predecessor Holy Father John Paul II in 1997 and later in 2003
with an official request for recognition of the Rusyn
Greek-Catholic Church sui iuris in Slovakia, as well as with a
request to appoint a Rusyn bishop for this Church. However, the
submitted matter has remained unresolved to this day. Rusyns
realise the difficulties in resolving their request, but they
find it just and fair according to secular and church laws.
That is why we address You, Holy Father, with trust and hope and
we believe that our pleas will be heard. Our hope at this time
is strengthened by Your increased interest in events within the
Catholic Church in Slovakia, about which You were informed at
the recent visit of bishops from Slovakia to the Vatican, as
well as about the effort to create new bishoprics here. Although
in 1968 Annuario Pontifico, the Rusyn Greek-Catholic
Church sui iuris was changed to Slovak, the original Rusyn
Church sui iuris did not cease to exist. On the contrary, this
Church wishes to keep its identity and develop the religious and
cultural heritage of its ancestors. It is also proven by the
fact that, at the latest census of residents in Slovakia in
2001, 35 thousand Greek-Catholics designated Rusyn their mother
tongue.
Your Holiness, on behalf of Rusyn Greek-Catholics, loyal
messengers of Cyril and Method and most holy tradition of the
Eastern Slavonic Church ceremonies, which link Greek-Catholic
Rusyns not only in Slovakia, but also in Ukraine, Poland,
Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, the USA, Canada,
and elsewhere in the world, delegates of which represented their
brothers and sisters also at the 9th World Congress
of Rusyns in Romania, we ask You, who are at the position of the
Holiest Office of Roman Pontifex Maxima, to hear the voice of
Greek-Catholic Rusyns in Slovakia and renew the Rusyn
Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia. For this deed, You will be
sincerely thanked and Your decision will be beatified not only
by the contemporary Rusyn Greek-Catholic congregation, but also
their successors.
Praise be to Jesus Christ! (Slava Isusu Christu!)
With reverence,
members of the World Council of Rusyns
as
the executive body of the World
Congress of Rusyns:
Chairman Paul Robert Magocsi
(North America)
Vice-Chairman Djura Papuga
(Serbia)
Members of World Council of Rusyns:
Mychail Almašij (Ukraine)
Marianna Ljavinyec (Hungary)
Gheorghe Firczak (Romania)
Agáta Pilátová (Czech Republic)
Vladimír Protivňák (Slovakia)
Andrzej Kopcza (Poland)
Natalija Hnatko (Croatia)
Deputy of the World Council of Rusyns
Alexander Zozuľák (Slovakia)
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Programme
of the 9th
World Congress of Rusyns
and the 3rd World Forum of
Rusyn Youth
Place: Sighetu Marmaţiei (Romania)
Date: 21st – 24th June, 2007 (Thursday
– Sunday)
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The
building of the Lyceum of Arts in Sighetu Marmatiei
(Romania), where, on June 22nd - 23rd, 2007, a plenary
meeting of the 9th World Congress of Rusyns will take
place.
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Organisational committee from Romania: Gheoghe Firczak
(Chairman of the Cultural Association of Rusyns of Romania),
Francinc Oscar Gal (Deputy of the Association), Father
Vasile Boicsuc (Senior Deputy of the Association),
Vioriorica Boicsuc, Ioan Petreţcki, Maria Ciornei, Ana
Baneanski, Ludvic Sabol, Dumitru Bejenaru, Iulius Firczak
21st June, 2007 (Thursday):
After 12.00 Romanian time, (11.00 Central-European time, the
programme follows Romanian time)
– arrival of the participants at the Coroana hotel
(Sighetu Marmaţiei, Piaţa Liberăţii, nr. 21), registration,
check in.
Individual delegations will be looked after by the following
people:
Czech Republic
– V. Boicsuc, Croatia – L. Sabol, Hungary –
F. Gal, Poland – M. Petreţki, North America
– I. Petreţki, Slovakia – o. V.
Boicsuc, Serbia – A. Baneanski, World Council
of Rusyns – G. Firczak, Ukraine – M.
Ciornei.
15.00 – 16.00
– the participants of the congress and
guests from Ukraine in particular will be welcomed by the
attending members of the World Council of Rusyns (WCoR), at the
Solotvino crossing, near Sighetu Marmaţiei.
17.00 – 18.30
– Exhibition Opening showing photographs of the activities of
particular member organisations of the World Congress of Rusyns
(WCR) in the foyer of the Coroana hotel and a ceremonial
presentation of the Rusyn and Romanian version of “The People
from Nowhere” (Народ нивыдкы; Popor de niciunde), a book by Paul
Robert Magocsi, as well as the latest book by Mária Maľcovská
– “The Green Mirage” (Zelená fatamorgána). In the cultural
programme, Javorina, a group from Snina (Slovakia) will give a
performance.
18.30 – 22.00
– dinner at the Coroana hotel
20.00 – 22.00
– meeting of WCoR in the Villy Royal restaurant, where
the members of WCoR will be staying
22nd June, 2007 (Friday):
6.45 – 7.45
– ecumenical liturgy for the congress participants
8.00 – 9.00
– breakfast at the Coroana hotel
10.00 – 13.00
– plenary meeting of the 9th WCR in the
concert hall of the local Lyceum of Arts
10.00 – 10.30 – 1st part
– all participants will be welcomed by Gheoghe
Firczak, the host of the congress meeting, who will lead this
part of the plenary meeting. Speeches by the official guests
will be given.
10.30 – 11.00 – 2nd part
– election of the mandate, proposal and electoral
committees and the leaders of the following sections: (1)
culture and history, (2) literature and journalism, (3)
confessional, (4) education, (5) economy and environment. This
part will be lead by Alexander Zozuľák, Deputy of WCoR.
11.00 – 11.30 – 3rd part
– voting on accepting the Association of Rusyn
Organisations of Hungary, Slovak Association of Rusyn
Organisations and the Rusyn Revival in Slovakia as full members
of WCR. Approving of the Rusyn flag and national anthem. This
part will be lead by P. R. Magocsi, Chairman of WCoR.
11.30 – 13.30 – 4th part
– the leaders of individual delegations from the WCR
member countries (in alphabetical order) will give 10-minute
reports; at the end, a 20-minute speech by Paul Robert Magocsi,
Chairman of WCoR, will be given. This and the following parts
will be lead by A. Zozuľák, Deputy of WCoR.
13.30 – 14.30 – 5th part
– discussion in which delegates and guests representing
individual member countries of WCR, who registered in advance,
will give their speeches. 12 participants of the congress can
each give a 5-minute speech.
14.45 – 16.00
– lunch at the Coroana hotel
15.30 – 21.00
– eight 11-member groups of delegates from the individual
WCR and World Forum of Rusyn Youth (WFRY) member countries,
accompanied by members of the host organisation, will visit 4
Rusyn villages in the Maramoroš area (Bystryj – 40 km
away from Sighetu, Kručuniv – 15 km, Vyšňa
Rivna – 30 km and Tysa – 8 km). Transport will
be provided by means of 8 minibuses.
19.00 – 22.00
– dinner at the Coroana hotel, a performance by Javorina
(literary-singing-musical group from Snina, Slovakia), the
singing-dancing group of the Rusyn Cultural-Educational
Association from Nový Sad (Serbia), the group “Forum of
Youth” based at the “Rusnak” Association
(Croatia) and the school folk group Poľana (Deva,
Romania).
23rd June, 2007 (Saturday):
8.00 – 9.30
– breakfast at the Coroana hotel
10.00 – 13.00
– meeting of the congress in five sections in the summer
restaurant of the Coroana hotel: (1) culture and history, (2)
literature and journalism, (3) confessional, (4) education, (5)
economy and environment
–
at the same time, a meeting of the 3rd WFRY in the
restaurant of the Coroana hotel
13.00 – 14.00
– ceremonial unveiling of a memorial plate dedicated to
the Orthodox Rusyn victims of the trial in 1913 – 1914 at the
Town Hall of Sighetu Marmaţiei (former building of the Court)
14.00 – 15.00
– lunch at the Coroana hotel
15.30 – 18.30
– plenary meeting of the 9th WCR in the
concert hall of the Lyceum of Arts, lead by A. Zozuľák, Deputy
of WCoR
15.30 – 16.05 – 1st part
– speeches given by the 5 section leaders
on the outcomes of individual sections, 10 minutes each, as well
as a speech by the Chairman of the WFRY (15 minutes) on the
outcomes of the 3rd meeting of WFRY.
16.05 – 16.40 – 2nd part
– report on management and approving the changes
in the WCR Statute, read by the WCoR Deputy.
16.40 – 17.40 – 3rd part
– discussion; a maximum of 12 delegates and guests can
give a speech, 5 minutes each.
17.40 – 18.00 – 4th part
– electing the World Council of Rusyns
18.00 – 18.15 – 5th part
– electing the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Deputy of WCoR
at the 1st meeting of the newly-elected WCoR
18.15 – 18.30 – 6th part
– accepting the Resolution of the 9th WCR
18.45 – 19.45
– dinner at the Coroana hotel
20.00 – 22.00
– cultural programme in the concert hall of the Lyceum of
Arts. At the beginning of the programme, the Aleksander
Dukhnovich Award for Rusyn Literature will be ceremonially
presented. The following groups will give performances in the
programme: singing-dancing group of the Rusyn
Cultural-Educational Association from Nový Sad (Serbia),
the group “Forum of Youth” based at the “Rusnak“
Association (Croatia), literary-singing-musical group
Javorina from Snina and the singing trio “Magurových”
from Humenné (Slovakia), a poetry reading by Valéria
Moriljaák (Hungary), singer Oľga Prokop (Ukraine),
children’s
group
Lastivka
from Dermanešt, the singing group Holubok from Veľký
Pereg and semi-symphonic orchestra Rivulus Dominarus of
the Lyceum of Arts in Baia Mare (Romania), which will play the
Rusyn Symphony by Dragos Pavliuk.
24th June, 2007 (Sunday):
9.00 – 10.00
– breakfast at the Coroana hotel
10.30 – 12.30
– meeting of the new WCoR in the café of the Coroana
hotel. The other participants can either enjoy time-off or take
an excursion through town
12.30 – 14.00
– lunch
After 14.00
– departure of the participants of the 9th WCR
and the 3rd WFRY
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8th
World Congress of Rusyns in Krynica in the year
2005
RUSYN MATTERS SHALL ADVANCE
8th
World Congress of Rusyns took place in well-known spa town Krynica in
Poland from 23rd to 25th June 2005. On the
first day delegates and guests watched the film “Akcja Wisla” in
the cinema Javorina. This film by Andrzej Kopcza reminded all
present a big tragedy of Polish Lemkos during a sadly-known event, when
Rusyns from Lemkovina were wrongly accused of collaboration with
Ukrainian upraising army and they were violently displaced to a wild
territory after deported Germans in north-western Poland. The main
agenda of the congress was preceded by audience of members of the World
Council of Rusyns with the mayor of Krynica Emil Bodžonija on
June 24th, 2005.
The opening
ceremony of the Congress took place after this audience – in the cinema
Javorina. Representatives of the organisational committee of the
congress Helena Duc-Fajfer and Peter Trochanovský welcomed
participants of the congress and asked members of the World Council of
Rusyns to take place at the chair table. The chairman of the WCR
Andrzej Kopcza officially welcomed delegates and guests of
individual states after hymns of Poland and Rusyns. The main agenda was
followed by the secretary of WCR Alexander Zozuľák. Heads of
delegations of member Rusyn organisations of the World Congress of
Rusyns from individual states had a presentation in this program. A.
Kopcza, a chairman of the WCR, presented the main report from the
last congress in Prešov in the year 2003, who briefly informed the
present on success and failures in world Rusyn movement during the last
two years, when our people from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland,
and Hungary acceded the European Union. He stressed out that many
things have been achieved, however, several basic tasks were not
fulfilled, such as recognition of Rusyns in the Ukraine to be
a distinct minority, and Anthology of Rusyn Prose has not been published
and others.
Work of
member Rusyn organisations in individual states progressed depending on
possibilities of those countries and organisations, which operate there.
A significant role was played also by a human factor, which can advance
forward the work or dampen it totally. Therefore discrepancies appeared,
which can be seen in the Ukraine, where publishing activity advances
well, Rusyn Sunday schools work actively, but where Rusyns are not
recognised as nationality; problems showed out in Hungary and Slovakia,
where several Rusyn organisations started to operate, among which there
is often intolerance, which damages common work. Organisations from the
Czech Republic, USA, Serbia and Monte Negro presented with noticeable
spiritual and material progress. Collaboration of Rusyns in Romania and
Croatia intensified, a newly established organisation Rusnak was
introduced by its chairperson Ľubka Segedi-Falc.
During the
afternoon discussion we had a chance to learn something about successful
work of Rusyn Sunday schools at Subcarphatia, activities of which are
financed by sponsors like Steven Chepa from Canada, John
Righetti and Steven Moldovan from the USA. We also learned
about aid of the Society of Friends of Subcarphatian Russia to Rusyns of
Subcarphatia, about support of the Carphato-Rusyn Scientific Centre in
the USA for Rusyn culture and science in Slovakia and elsewhere in the
world as well as about problems of Rusyns of social, economic,
educational, religious, and cultural nature. Words of Helena
Duc-Fajfer were very inspiring, she called for collaboration of all
newly established Rusyn organisations. Jaroslav Sabol from Vojvodina,
Serbia and Monte Negro, had an objective presentation, he proposed to
create own economic program for Rusyns.
The
afternoon of June 24th, 2005 in the cinema Javorina was
marked not only by creative atmosphere, but also festive one. Awards
were presented by their sponsor himself, Steven Chepa
from Toronto. Specifically, the 8th Award of Alexander
Duchnovič for Rusyn Literature was this year presented to Ahnete
Bučko Papharhaji from Nový Sad in Serbia and Monte Negro, the
authoress of a collection of poetry and a book for children. The chief
editor of Rusyn National Newspaper, magazine “Rusín”, Rusyn folk
calendars and others, secretary of the WCR, one of founders of Rusyn
periodical and non-periodical press in Slovakia after the year 1989 –
Alexander Zozuľák from Prešov in Slovakia as well as a writer
from Uzhorod in the Ukraine – Vladimír Fedinišinec were awarded
by the Prize for significant work for Rusyn nation for their
long-year successful work in the Rusyn movement.
On the same
day a presentation of a new Rusyn book took place, within which a book
by Paul Robert Magocsi – Naša otcjuznina, published by Valerij
Paďak in his publishing house in Uzhorod, was introduced. The same
publishing house published a book Dr. Nykolaj Beskyd – na blaho
Rusyniv, a compiler of which is Mgr. Gabriel Beskyd who
presented the book. H. Duc-Fajfer presented abundant Lemko
production – vocabularies, grammars, and other publications of scholarly
nature. Prof. Dymytrij Sydor introduced a Rusyn-English edition
of subcarphatian variant of Rusyn orthography. The integral part of this
day of the congress was also international exhibition of artistic
works of Rusyns in the local Nykifor Drovňak Museum, where painters
such as Anna Gajová, Alexander Zozuľák, Juraj Molnár, Margarita
Bonkowska, Agata Bronišewska, and Štefan Telep exhibited their
works. (On September 9th,
2005 we had a chance to participate in uncovering of a bronze
Monument to Nikyfori Drovňak in Krynica with presence of the author
himself, Prof. Czesłav Dźwigaj and many significant
personalities. The monument was ceremonially uncovered by the President
of the Republic of Poland, Alexander Kwaszniewski.)
A part of
the above mentioned day, June 24th, 2005, represented also
meeting of the 2nd International Forum of Rusyn Youth,
where representatives of youth organisations from Slovakia, Poland,
Ukraine, USA, Canada, Romania, Hungary, Serbia and Monte Negro were
present.
Evening
hours belonged to a cultural program featuring folk ensembles like
Slavjane from Pittsbugh, Šariš Milk Agro from Prešov,
ensemble of Courthouse from Russian Kerestúr, along which
a well-known composer and singer Mychajlo Boďanec with his hymns
song Rusnak performed. A Lemko ensemble Serenča
entertained participants of the congress in the theatre of the cinema
Javorina and later at bonfire in Čierny Potok.
The second
creative day of the congress was devoted to work in workshops. Delegates
worked in cultural, scholarly, educational, mass communication and youth
workshop, workshops of international and economic collaboration.
The last
but one point of agenda of the 8th WCR was election of a new
World Council of Rusyns, its chairperson, vice chairperson, and
secretary. For a new World Council of Rusyns were elected: Andrzej
Kopcza (Poland), Ďura Papuga (Serbia and Monte Negro),
Gheorghij Firczak (Romania), Agáta Pilátová (the Czech
Republic), f. Dymytrij Sydor (Ukraine), Paul Robert Magocsi
(Northern America), Ľubka Segedi-Falc (Croatia). At its first
meeting the new WCR elected for its chairperson academician, professor
of the Toronto University, P. R. Magocsi, for its vice
chairperson a MP of Romanian Parliament on behalf of Rusyns – G.
Firczak and for secretary A. Zozuľák. The WCR accepted for
its new member the Rusyn Cultural Society of Croatia – Rusnak.
Delegates further approved that the following 9th World
Congress of Rusyns in the year 2007 should take place in Seged in
Romania. These points were included in the last point of agenda – an
adopted declaration of delegates of the 8th WCR.
(Its complete wording is published separately.)
At the end
of the 8th WCR a new chairman of the World Council of Rusyns
Paul Robert Magocsi expressed his opinion that despite some
peripeteia brought by life itself,
he is
convinced that the Rusyn movement shall not ceased once it joins all
powers. Magocsi foresee perspective of Rusyn people first of all in
young people and in education, but also in tolerance and ability of
representatives of Rusyns to join Rusyns both in their countries and in
the international Rusyn movement.
(Narodny novynky No. 25–28/2005, pp
1. and 4., abbreviated)
Mária MAĽCOVSKÁ,
pictures: A. Z. and A. P.
Declaration of delegates of the 8th World Congress of Rusyns
held on June 25th, 2005 in Krynica
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We
appeal to the states where Rusyns live and where law on national
minorities has not been adopted yet to adopt it as soon as possible
along with the law on its financing.
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We
appeal to the Government of the Republic of Poland to recognise
“Akcja Wisla“ to be illegal and to reduce its consequences. Its 60th
anniversary shall be a good opportunity for it.
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We
joyfully accept democratic changes in the Ukraine made since the end
of the year 2004 and we appeal to supreme institutions to recognise
Rusyns as a distinct minority as it has happened in other democratic
countries of Europe.
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We
appeal to the states where Rusyns live to help them with preparation
of professional experts for teaching of the Rusyn language.
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We
appeal to the departments of the Rusyn language and literature in
Krakow, Novy Sad, Nyregyhaza and the Institute of Nationality
Studies and Foreign Languages in Prešov to organise their
co-operation and implement exchange of their students.
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We bind
organisers of the future meetings of the World Congress of Rusyns (WCR)
to organise within their framework a scientific conference.
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We
accept for a full member of the World Congress of Rusyns the
Cultural Society of Rusyns in Croatia – “Rusnak“.
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We
approve establishment of the World Council of Rusyns (WCR), members
of which are the following: Paul Robert Magocsi (North Amerca) –
chairman, Gheorghe Firczak – vice chairman, Andrzej Kopcza (Poland),
Anna Kuzmiaková (Slovakia) – she suspended its membership in the WCR,
Agáta Pilátová (Czech Republic), Ďura Papuga (Serbia and Monte
Negro), father Dymytrij Sydor (Ukraine). We also approve Alexander
Zozuľak to be a secretary of the WCR – a non-member of the WCR.
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As
a delegation of Rusyns from Hungary, apart from one its member, was
not present at the 8th WCR in Krynica, we bind a newly
elected WCR to meet the members of this delegation within December
31st, 2005, where they shall elect their representative
to be a member of the WCR.
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We
approve and authorise the Cultural Society of Rusyns in Romania to
organise the 9th World Congress of Rusyns in Seged in the
year 2007.
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We
approve the change of the Articles of the WCR (after its approval by
the Ministry of Interior of the SR these articles shall be published
in full wording in the section CONGRESS).
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We bind
the newly elected World Council of Rusyns to carry out the following
tasks:
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to make
contacts with such international organisations as the United Nations
Organisation, Council of Europe, and the European Organisation for
Safety and Co-operation;
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to
create a web site of the World Congress of Rusyns (in the Rusyn and
English languages) with its international address and make chief
representatives of member organisations of WCR to send information
on their activities and problems of all Rusyns to this web site.
(Note: a similar web site has been
already created with the address:
www.rusynacademy.sk, which you can view and it shall be made in
three language versions: Rusyn, Slovak, and English and where you
can already find information on the World Congress and Council of
Rusnys and other matters dealing with Rusyns, Rusyn studies, mainly
in Slovakia, but also in the world.);
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to make
contact with representatives of governments and supreme institutions
of the states where Rusyns live and inform them on problems of
Rusyns;
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to
prepare and publish at the web site of the WCR a schedule of Rusyn
cultural events;
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to ask
for a financial aid for cultural and publishing activity of the WCR
international organisations and foundations;
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to
assist with organisation of the 3rd International
Congress of Rusyn Language in Krakow in the year 2006;
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to
connect and inform (via Internet and in writing) interested
entrepreneurs in economic co-operation.
Rusyn Symbols
The present Rusyn symbols were approved of at the 9th World
Congress of Rusyns on June 23rd, 2007 in Sighetul Marmaţiei
(Romania).
Coat of Arms
In the period of the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918 – 1939), the coat
of arms belonged to one of its parts – the Sub-Carpathian Rus. At
present, it is a coat of arms for Rusyns throughout the world.
Description:
in the left half there are three
golden
stripes on a
blue
background, in the right half, in
dark red,
there is a Carpathian bear standing on hind legs with an open mouth on a
silver
background.
The bear
symbolises the Carpathian mountains, the three
golden
stripes (according to some researchers) symbolise three rivers:
Uh (Už), Latorica and Tisa.
Flag
The dimensions of the flag are 2:3 height to width, the most common size
being 1 000 mm high and 1 500 mm wide. The upper half (500 mm) is blue,
the lower half is white (250 mm) and red (250 mm).
Blue
is the colour of the deep skies, a perspective representation of the
Carpathian mountains, hope for a better future, the colour of rational
reasoning, freshness of the spirit and the body and undying diligence.
White
is the colour of traditional peacefulness, hospitability, kindness,
tolerance, peace, moral and physical purity, high culture and the
natural pacifism of Rusyns.
Red
associates with all that lives and is beautiful, with the aesthetic
ideal of Rusyns, and it symbolises energy and health in man.
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